During the last decades, aquaculture development has led to the increase in aquaculture effluents into water bodies and triggered their undesirable impacts on habitat quality and aquatic biota of these environments. Treatment of aquaculture effluents and reusing them in culture systems can decrease the level of destructive impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using phytoand zooplankton microorganisms to treat and reuse Fish culture wastewater in an integrated culture system. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Chlorella vulgaris were used as Fish and microalgae species. The main zooplankton classes were composed of Artemia (Artemia franciscana) and Rotifer(Brachionus sp. ). Measured and calculated parameters were: nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), ammonium (NH4), phosphate (PO4), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), number of microalgae cells and zooplankton counts, and Fish growth performance parameters include weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and condition factor (CF). The results showed that nutrient levels (NO2, NO3, NH4, and PO4) were decreased significantly at the system outlet during the study period. The DO and pH levels were observed at their optimum ranges (DO > 6 mg. l-1; pH = 7-8) during the study period. The levels of EC, TDS and TSS of the integrated system were significantly (P < 0. 05) lower than the control condition. The growth performance (i. e. weight gain) of Fish was significantly (P < 0. 05) better in the integrated system compared to the control condition. It can be said, based on the obtained results, simultaneous use of microalgae, zooplankton and Fish in an integrated tilapia culture system led to the appropriate treatment of Fish culture effluent and significant improvement of water quality to reuse in the system without any undesirable effect on Fish growth compared to the control condition.

Introduction: Globally, the scarcity of fresh water has contributed to increase in reuse of treated effluent in agriculture over the last few decades. Rapid expansion of Fish farming due to high demand for Fish protein mainly in peri-urban areas has prompted the need for reusing this water in agriculture Materials and Methods: In this research, the effect of irrigation with Fish farm effluent on the growth characteristics of basil and purslane was investigated. This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three irrigation water treatment (1-river water, 2-Fish farm effluent water and 3-the mixture of 50% river water and 50% Fish farm water (V/V)) and three replications on two valuable medicinal plants (basil and purslane) in Shoush (Khuzestan province). . Results and discussion: The results showed that irrigation treatment with Fish farm effluent had a significant effect on increasing of measured traits, especially fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and even in mixed treatment of river and Fish farm effluent water, also showed a significant increase in morphological traits compared to river water treatment. The amount of nitrogen uptake by irrigation with Fish pool water was 407. 77% and 482. 2%, respectively, in basil and purslane. According to the results, the edible portion of these vegetables including leaves and shoots increased by irrigation by the Fish farm effluent and without any supplementary fertilizer. Conclusion: Because the pool water was rich in nutrients that could supply the plant's growing needs, therefore, it is advisable to use the Fish pool effluent to grow basil and purslane and for other leafy vegetables more research is needed.

Untreated effluent in most trout culture farms in Mazandaran province is discharged into the environment. Characteristics of effluents from seven flow-through trout farms in the plain of Amol city are investigated. Water samples were taken from both inlet and outlet of Fish farms. Thirteen physical and chemical parameters of effluent that were analyzed indicated that the concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrate (NO3-), Chloride (CL-), Iron (Fe), sulfate (SO4-2), phosphate (PO4-3), Ammonium (NH₄⁺) and (pH) satisfied the wastewater standard of Environment Organization of Iran and effluent discharging to surface waters was characterized by high quality on the Water Quality Index (WQI). As the result of the principal component analysis, TH, Fe, TSS, and DO, were the most influential parameters in the first component and SO4-2 in the second component, in measuring the wastewater quality variation. A significant increase from inlets to outlets was observed for (pH), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), phosphate (PO4-3), and total hardness (TH) (p<0.05) due to no effluent treatment processes and intense culture at the Fish farms and implies a Wastewater treatment system for removing suspended solids, pH control, and reducing TH and TDS.

One of the recent environmental problems is the presence of toxic, resistant and potentially carcinogenic compounds such as Malachite Green (MG) in effluent wastewater and Fish tissues of Fish farms. The aim of this research is the measurement of MG in the effluent wastewater and Fish tissues of Fish farms in Chahar- Mahal and Bakhtiari province.In this descriptive cross-sectional study, from total of 50 Fish farms, five farms were selected from three categories of large, medium, and small scales of Fish farms, based on Fish production capacity. During three months, effluent wastewater and Fish tissue samples were taken monthly and were analyzed to detect MG after preparation of the samples. MG analysis was done through Cloud Point Extraction method for effluents samples and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for Fish tissue samples.The results of this study showed MG concentration in the Fish tissue of Fish farms, No.: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 1.6, 0.27, 0.26, 0.45, 0.28, 0.32 mg/kg, respectively. MG concentration in the effluent Fish farms were in the range of 5.7 - 273 ng/l.MG concentrations in the Fish tissue in this study area are more than some of international standards such as Australia criteria of 0.03 mg/ kg for MG that shows the widespread use of MG in the Fish farms of this study area. However, the concentration of MG in the effluent of Fish farms was less than European standards (Ireland) of 100μg/l. Therefore, because of carcinogenic effects of MG on human and aquatic life, health and Fisheries authorities should take serious measures to prevent the using of MG, and they must try to use safe alternative materials.

One of the major issues in arid and semi-arid areas, namely Iran is water scarcity. Therefore, in the present study, the use of rainbow trout effluent in the sprinkler irrigation system for potato cultivation was investigated for three years (2019-2021). This research was conducted in the form of a factorial experimental format based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The investigated factors include irrigation at two levels, A1 (irrigation with well water) and A2 (irrigation with Fish effluent), as well as washing the leaves of the plant in four levels they are Before applying Fish farm effluent to the leaves, they were washed for ten minutes with fresh water (B1), after applying Fish farm effluent to the leaves, they were washed for ten minutes with fresh water (B2), The leaves were washed with fresh water for ten minutes both before and after applying the Fish farm effluent to them (B3) and the leaves were not washed at all (B4). The results of this research show that the highest amount of yield, the number of stems per plant, the fresh weight of shoot, the percentage of tubers 80-120 grams, the percentage of tubers 120-150 grams, and the percentage of tubers larger than 150 grams were 565.983 grams per pot, 7.417, 57.608, 32.950, 7.850, 6.039 respectively. These highest amounts were all the results of applying A2 .

Fish tank or swimming granuloma caused by Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunist pathogen commonly found in aquatic environments. We present a 16 year-old boy with frequent exposure to aquarium water who had several nodules (sprotrichoid forms) on his right hand.Pervious studies showed that Fish tank granuloma is a rare skin infection (0.27 per 100,000 population in one year). However, taking proper history and considering the patient’s signs and symptoms could be helpful in diagnosis and treatment.

One of the serious problems in human communities will be the shortage of drinking water resources in future. The development of fresh water Fish culture is a deteriorating factor to this problem. Ammonia (NH3) and nitrite (NO2) are toxic chemicals resulting from Fish culture, especially in intensive Fish culture systems. Low concentrations of Ammonia make physiological and morphological changes in aquatic organisms, while high levels of it may cause mortality. NO2 may cause methemoglobina in Fish and gut and intestine cancer in human. To overcome some of these problems, one of the solutions for NH3 and NO2reduction (or removal) is the use of biological processes. Microalgae have potential use to remove the excess nutrients and other contaminants because of their high capacity nutrient uptake. Most of literature stated that green algae, Scenedesmus quadricuada could be used for NH3 removal due to suitable growth, high tolerance and low cost of culture technology. The purpose of this study was to determine NH3 and NO2 removal efficiency of green algae, S. quadricuada from Fish farm wastewater effluent as well as algal biomass production.

This study was conducted to remove contaminations from Fish farms effluents using iron oxide nanoparticles in a laboratory system. For this purpose, a 5-liter semiindustrial reactor has designed with a mixer blade, a porous plate, and a compressor. The results showed that the levels of nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonium, TDS, TSS, and BOD were 2. 78, 3. 27, 0. 43, 7. 46, 2. 25, 3. 38 and 5. 34 mg L-1 at the entrance to the reactor, respectively. Also, pH and EC were 6. 36 and 1362 μ mho cm-1. At the reactor outlet, the levels of nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonium, TDS, TSS and BOD were 1. 84, 2. 09, 0. 27, 3. 05, 1. 61, 1. 78 and 4. 96 mg L-1. Furthermore, pH and EC were 7. 22 and 1466 μ mho cm-1. Also, this study has been showed that the system efficiency from the beginning up to 6 hours has been increased, but it has been reduced at the 18th hour, which has been caused by the sequestration and the formation of an oxide layer on nanoparticles. Therefore, it can be concluded that iron nanoparticles in the reactor fluid space have the potential to reduce the discharge burden of the effluent from Fish farms.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of effluent released during metals extraction from polymetallic sea nodules at the Pilot Plant at National Metallurgical Laboratory, India, by analysing different metal (Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb and Cr) concentrations in six tissues (skin, muscles, gills, liver, kidney and brain) of the Fish Labeo rohita. Of the six analysed tissues of sea-nodule-effluent-exposed Fish, liver accumulated highest concentration of most of the metals (2.91-287.36 mg kg-1) while muscles (2.1-81.14 mg kg-1) lowest. While the concentration of Fe was maximum (60.41-218.7 mg kg-1) in all the tissue systems (except muscles and liver), Pb was minimum (0.8–2.91 mg kg-1). Accumulation of most of the metals in all the tissues was above the safe limits as recommended by Food and Agricultural Organisation that indicate metal’s potential hazardous impact on the Fish. High bioaccumulation factors for these metals in the different tissues revealed that metals were extensively bio accumulated and bio concentrated. The time-dependent variation in metal pollution index illustrated increase in gross metal load (p<0.05) in different tissue components with increase in exposure period. In conclusion, the sea nodule effluent was found to cause adverse health impact on the Fish which in turn might also affect the human health when consumed.